įunke A, Ziegler F (2010) Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: a summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering.
#Bruker epr shifting center field free#
įang G, Liu C, Gao J, Dionysiou DD, Zhou D (2015) Manipulation of persistent free radicals in biochar to activated persulfate for contaminant degradation. įang G, Gao J, Liu C, Dionysiou DD, Wang Y, Zhou D (2014) Key role of persistent free radicals in hydrogen peroxide activation by biochar: implications to organic contaminant degradation. (99)00130-2ĭugas TR, Lomnicki S, Cormier SA, Dellinger B, Reams M (2016) Addressing emerging risks: scientific and regulatory challenges associated with environmentally persistent free radicals. ĭemirbaş A (2000) Mechanisms of liquefaction and pyrolysis reactions of biomass. ĭellinger B, Lomnicki S, Khachatryan L, Maskos Z, Hall RW, Adounkpe J (2007) Formation and stabilization of persistent free radicals. ĭela Cruz ALN, Cook RL, Dellinger B, Lomnicki SM, Donnelly KC, Kelley MA, Cosgriff D (2014) Assessment of environmentally persistent free radicals in soils and sediments from three superfund sites. Ĭhen N, Huang Y, Hou X, Ai Z, Zhang L (2017) Photochemistry of hydrochar: reactive oxygen species generation and sulfadimidine degradation.
īoocock DGB, Sherman KM (1985) Further aspects of powdered poplar wood liquefaction by aqueous pyrolysis. Based on these results, hydrochar from hydrothermal conversion of biomass at relatively higher temperature, i.e., 260 ☌, longer residence time, i.e., 4 h, and lower solid load, i.e., 1:10, is suggested for safer application.Īssaf N, Alrarawneh M, Oluwoye I, Radny M, Lomnicki SM, Dlugogorski BZ (2016) Formation of environmentally persistent free radicals on α-Al 2O 3. This is the first report on the formation of PFR and relevant influencing factors during hydrothermal conversion of biomass. The types of PFR also depended on hydrothermal temperature, residence time and solid load. A shorter residence time and a higher solid load led to formation of more PFR in hydrochar. Results show that the EPR signal intensity increased with increasing hydrothermal temperature from 180 to 240 ☌ and then decreased at 260 ☌. Therefore, we investigated here the impacts of hydrothermal temperature, residence time and solid load on the formation of PFR in hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization of rice straw, by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometers. So far, the mechanism and control factors of PFR production in hydrochar are poorly known. PFR are generated by thermal conversion of biomass, such as hydrothermal carbonization to produce hydrochar. In the environment, persistent free radicals (PFR) have adverse effects on human health.
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